Focus: News of interest about creation and evolution
Creation Rates Highly
Despite courses in biology and anthropology which overwhelmingly promote the evolutionary
view, many American college students maintain creationist beliefs, according to
a recently published poll. The poll, which was published in Current Anthropology,
began in 1974. More than 2,100 college students from 40 campuses answered a 72-question
survey about attitudes and understanding of evolution. Most students who responded
accepted the evolutionary idea that humans evolved over millions of years from lower
primates. Yet many accepted the biblical account of the origin of life and Noah's
Flood. The survey findings showed:
- 38% of students believed that human life originated in the Garden of Eden.
- In the south-west, where creationism is more likely to be emphasized, 52% believed
in the biblical account of creation.
- 49% of students from rural areas believed that fossils came from animals that died
during Noah's Flood; 41% of urban students also accepted this.
- Nearly 10% of southern students believed the earth was created 6,000 years ago.
Australian Dr Weekly,
July 15,1988.
Noah’s Ark Story Unearthed in Iraq
Archaeologists excavating an ancient Mesopotamian city near Baghdad
have unearthed what some say is a more detailed account of Noah’s Ark and
the Flood than is found in the Bible, according to an Iraqi newspaper. An excavation
team from Baghdad University found the account on tablets in the ancient city's
library, where they were placed thousands of years ago. So far only 300 of an estimated
2,500 tablets have been examined. It is expected that it will take at least another
three years to extract the remainder.
The Mercury (Hobart),
July 22, 1988 (p. 7).
Not too much credence should be given to the subject of this
report. Other, reports have revealed that the tablets give an inaccurate Creation
account which says Humans ‘were created because lesser gods became fed up
with working for higher gods.’ The flood story also gives a distorted picture
of the genuine Genesis account. This seems to be a collection of stories which contain
some elements of the originals, but which have been distorted over time.
Lost Continent Found
Scientists have found a vanished continent, which they say once
teemed with dinosaurs and lush primeval forest, under 800 metres of water in the
southern Indian Ocean. The only visible remains of the former land mass are the
French-owned Kerguelan Islands, once peaks of a mountain range.
Dr Amanda Palmer, from the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, said: ‘We
extracted fragments of dinosaurs’ teeth and pieces of charcoal, indicating
the one-time presence of thick forests and savage animal life.’ Dr Palmer
said the Kerguelan plateau, which stretches more than 5,000 kilometres, was formed
by erupting volcanoes.
The Australian,
June 23, 1988.
The explanation may be that the dinosaurs and primeval forests
were buried during the biblical Flood, and that these deposits were submerged when
‘the mountains rose and the valleys sank down’ after the Flood (Psalm
104:8).
Did the Moon arise from a Planetary Crash?
The earth’s collision with a body the size of Mars was
a likely explanation of the formation of the moon, according to a chief investigator
in NASA’s extraterrestrial sample program. Professor Stuart Taylor, from the
Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University, carried out
the first chemical analysis of lunar samples brought back to earth in 1969. He rejected
many models of moon formation which were discussed at a conference in Hawaii a few
months ago. But he said the hypothesis of a huge, Mars-sized lump of matter hitting
the earth solved a number of problems.
The Australian,
May 20, 1988.
Of course it still does not solve the problem (if evolutionary
explanations alone are considered) of where all the matter came from in the beginning.
Ed. Note: more recent research shows that it
would need an impact of a body with twice the mass of Mars to throw enough
mass into orbit to form the moon (Shigeru Ida et al., ‘Lunar accretion from
an impact generated disk’, Nature 389(6649):353-357,
25 September 1997; Comment in the same issue by J.J. Lissauer, ‘It’s
not easy to make the moon’, pp. 327-328.).
But then there is the problem of excess angular momentum, as
well as the fact that the chance of two such massive bodies impacting is minute.
The September 1998 issue of Creation magazine will have
a feature article on the moon - its creation and purpose, that will cover this issue
and much more.
Dead Sea Scrolls finally readable
The ‘Genesis Apocryphon’—one of the famous
Dead Sea scrolls which has been almost totally unreadable because of its poor state
of preservation—has finally become readable through the use of a new photographic
technique. The first fragments of the ‘Genesis Apocryphon’ which experts
examined were badly deteriorated. One scholar remarked ‘It looked as though
someone had poured coffee all over them.’ The texts also contained tiny holes
where acids in the ink used by the scribes had eaten through the parchment. Now
an American team of scientists has successfully begun to read the text by photographing
the document from behind, using Japanese infrared film. Some never-before-read passages
in the scroll describe in great detail the physical beauty of Sarah, the wife of
the patriarch abraham. They even describe the contours of Sarah’s breasts.
However, it is admitted that this document is neither contemporary with Sarah, nor
inspired. It is not an eyewitness account, and is not factual. But it does give
startling insights into the thinking of these early scribes from the Essene sect
of the day.
Digging Up the Past,
July, 1988 (pp. 4-5).
The Face on Mars
The ‘face on Mars’ has become the subject of international
scientific debate. It has also become the subject of several books and many articles.
A few scientists say the ‘face’—a sometimes human-looking image
picked up by pictures from the Viking mission to Mars—could have been built.
Many more say it is probably a natural phenomenon produced by light falling on natural
geographic features. More than 54,000 pictures were taken in the 1970s during the
NASA Viking and Mariner probes to Mars. They showed the planet to be a desolate,
windswept place. But now some believe from photo enhancement techniques that intelligently
constructed artefacts are shown in the photos, such as pyramids, ‘the face’,
a honeycomb-shaped section, a city square and a fort. The ‘face’ is
believed to be 2.5 kilometres from top to chin, with the nose towering half a kilometre
above the ground.
Sunday Sun magazine (Brisbane),
July 24, 1988 (p. 3).
We do not deny that Viking photos numbers 35A72 and 70AI3 in
particular show, what 'looks' like a half shaded face on Mars. But both these frames
were taken with the sun shining from a relatively low, angle, and the shaded areas
play a major part in what one imagines to be a whole face. Just as light and shade
suggest a face on the moon (‘the man in the moon’), we found that turning
the Mars pictures sideways, upside down, etc., produced an assortment of other imaginary
objects, such as a horse's head, a Samurai warrior, a baboon, an insect, and other
things. Look at the picture for a few, minutes yourself. How, many objects can you
see besides the face?
Ed. note: recently, NASA photos confirmed that
the ‘face’ is just a rock formation. The June 1998 issue of Creation
magazine will report on this.
Life on Pluto?
Not much is known about tiny, distant Pluto beyond the existence
of its known moon, Charon, and the fact that methane in some form has been detected
there. On June 9, 1988, however, at least eight separate groups of astronomers detected
clear signs that it has an atmosphere. James L. Elliot, of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, says of the latest observations, ‘Pluto has an atmosphere—no
question.’ The occasion was Pluto's passing between earth and a star, an event
called an occultation. Until this occasion, no confirmed stellar occultations by
Pluto were on record, so astronomers gathered to look from a NASA aircraft and from
observatories in New Zealand and Australia. The starlight did not simply blink off
and on as Pluto moved in front of it, but gradually became fainter and brighter.
The light, it seemed, had not merely been chopped off by the edge of the planet's
disc, but was weakened and strengthened as it passed through a medium which to some
seemed only to indicate an atmosphere.
Science News, Vol. 133, No. 25 (p. 391).
It must be pointed out that an atmosphere on Pluto does not
mean it could sustain life. Most gases would simply freeze on the surface at Pluto’s
temperature, estimated to be within as little as 40 C of absolute zero (-273.15’C).
The atmosphere could include poisonous carbon monoxide or molecular nitrogen.
Theory on how Halley’s Began
A South Australian scientist believes he has solved the mystery
of the origin of comets - including the most famous, Halley’s comet. The scientist,
an astrophysicist from the University of Adelaide in South Australia, rejects the
commonly held theory that the ‘Oort Cloud’—a hypothetical reservoir
of billions of comets far outside the solar system—is what causes comets.
His alternative explanation is that ‘Halley’s comet comes from a second
much closer belt of billions of comets just outside the solar system left over as
debris and junk when the outer planets formed 5000 million years ago.’
The Advertiser (Adelaide),
May 14, 1988 (p. 20).
Readers should bear in mind that no one has yet observed either
the Oort Cloud or this supposed new comet ‘belt’. Without such a theoretical
source of re-supply, the break-up time of short-period comets indicates a young
solar system.
Killer Kangaroo?
The fossilized head of a kangaroo which is thought to be a
meat-eater has been found in northwestern Queensland, Australia. Although the skull
is still encased in rock, its finders believe it would have eaten rodents, lizards,
bandicoots, possums and other small animals. Tests have shown that the jawbone an
teeth contained strontium, a substance usually found only in meat-eaters. Using
the head as a base, Dr Michael Archer, of the University of New South Wales, plans
to reconstruct the whole body which, he said, should be about 1.5 metres tall, much
the same as a modem eastern grey kangaroo.
The Courier-Mail (Brisbane),
July 30, 1988 (p. 1),
Daily Mirror (Sydney),
August 2.
Note that only a skull was found, yet the whole kangaroo is
about to be reconstructed from this one part.
Did Dinosaurs disappear because they had no Mate?
The latest theory on dinosaur extinction is that they started
producing young of all the same sex and thus could find no mates. Professor David
Crews, professor of zoology at the University of Texas in Austin, and Professor
William Gutzke, of Memphis State University, found during three years of research
with leopard geckos (I 5 cm lizards from the Middle East) that the sex of geckos,
like many reptiles, is decided during incubation—not (as in mammals) by genes.
The mechanics are not completely understood, but the professors found that warmer
conditions produced males and cooler eggs became females. Even if a warm gecko hatched
as a female, she behaved like a male and repelled males. If dinosaurs hatched this
way, it is thought, changes in the earth’s temperature long ago could mean
that all the eggs hatched into dinosaurs of the same sex.
Nature,
28 April, 1988 (pp. 832-4),
The Australian,
May 3, 1988 (p. 7).
Sexual frustration is the latest in a line of sad dinosaur catastrophes
imagined by scientists. When asked about this latest theory, Dr Tom Kemp, curator
of Oxford’s zoological collections, said: ‘The single-sex theory is
nonsense. I’m getting a bit fed up with people sticking their oars in, with
simple-minded ideas.’
Army Ads urge Evolution
Australia’s Royal Military College, Duntroon, which claims
to be ‘one of the finest officer training establishments in the world’,
has been using the imaginary ‘evolutionary progression’ from ape to
man in a series of newspaper advertisements for the college. In the full-page advertisements,
nine drawings are used to depict supposed human evolution from ape. The caption
of one ad reads: ‘What kind of career awaits you? One that will keep evolving,
or one that will come to a dead end?’
The Sydney Morning Herald,
July 30, 1988 (p. 29),
The Courier-Mail (Brisbane),
July 16,1988 (p. 33).
Let’s hope the country’s defence forces realize there’s
more than just these two choices. (Would Australia’s population want them
to leave the country’s defence up to chance? Not likely!)
Little Bird could help Deaf people
A tiny Australian bird could change the lives of millions of
people with hearing defects. The scientific fame of the plains wanderer rests on
the hole in its head—a structural feature which lets it use its head as a
very efficient antenna. Researchers at the University of Queensland have exploited
the bird’s sound system to develop a new hearing aid, called the Aviphone.
Separating one sound from the babble of background noise is a problem for people
who use hearing aids because the aids tend to amplify all sounds, rather than the
sound of special interest. This is where the plains wanderer comes in. The bird
performs a feat of sound localization which has baffled physicists. It uses its
centimetre-wide head to measure the direction of sound waves as much as 100 times
larger. On the open plains where the bird lives, sounds do not carry far over the
ground unless they have a very low frequency. The hole through the middle of the
bird's head produces a pattern of vibrations of the ear drums equivalent to the
pattern that would be produced by a much bigger head or antenna. It allows the ears
to communicate physically with each other. The Aviphone is worn on both ears so
that the wearer can more easily select one voice from a group of speakers.
Laboratory News,
May, 1988 (p. 7).
If it took intelligent people to design and construct the Aviphone,
who made the plains wanderer‘s ‘blueprint’ that they copied?
The Origin of Flipper
For more than a century, evolutionists have debated whether
sea-lions, walruses and true seals have come from a single common land ancestor,
or whether they came from several land ancestors which took to the sea. The overwhelmingly
dominant view has been that seals evolved from some weasel-like or otter-like creature,
and sea-lions and walruses evolved from some bear-like creature. Now after extensive
research on the flippers of these marine mammals, Andre R. Wyss, from the American
Museum of Natural History in New York, believes he has conclusively demonstrated
that the pinnipeds (seals, walruses and seal-lions) had a single evolutionary origin.
Fossils which have been used as evolutionary intermediates to demonstrate separate
origins have been dismissed by Wyss. He says that of importance to the acceptance
of a single pinniped origin is the paucity of evidence supporting the close relationship
of one pinniped subgroup with any particular line of land mammals.
Nature,
4 August, 1988 (pp. 383-4, 427-8).
This means that the ‘intermediate forms’ are not
intermediate, so evolution is not proved by the fossils. And anatomical similarities,
rather than showing a common evolutionary ancestor, show instead a Master Designer
who used a common plan for all the pinnipeds.
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