Readers’ commentsBrandon ., South Africa, 30 June 2011
I am a lecturer in the Physics department of … University. Last year I put a few copies of the Creation magazine in our tearoom. The next day I found it lying in the rubbish bin! I removed it, dusted it off and put it on the table again. The next day it was in the rubbish bin again!
I dusted it off, and put it on the table, etc …
This happened three days in a row!
Then I got a better idea. Every week I paste copies of the articles in Creation mag on my door, and since my office is next to the tea room, everyone who goes there has to walk past the office door! Now everyone will get to see the articles whether they want to or not! Since it is on my door, no one (so far) has dared to remove it! Thanks so much for this list of 15 questions. It will be on my door very soon! God bless!
Robert S., United States, 4 July 2011
I would like to see a coordinated “Question Evolution Day”. People would have their T-shirts, leaflets and whatever else. Using the high-resolution artwork available on the site, we can go to Vista Print, Wal-Mart or other places to get really creative and be even more visible.
But people would definitely need to read up on the expected arguments and learn some tactics on how to present/defend the gospel before that day.
Paul M., United States, 12 July 2011
You guys are great!!! What a wonderful idea. Keep up the good work!
Martin Hadley (Barrister), Sydney (Australia), 2 August 2011
One of your supporters, Andrew …, referred me to this site.
Dr Don Batten [DB] responds: Actually, you have been to this site (http://creation.com) before. You commented on the atheism article, which you were not impressed with.
While I wait for the T-shirt he has promised me, I looked at the 15 questions. Most are good questions. But will your readers be prepared to listen to the answers?
[DB]: We can’t answer for our readers, but I guess this is a rhetorical question.
There is a big difference between firstly a genuine question from a person who will honestly consider the answer, however long it turns out to be and whereever it takes them AND secondly a rhetorical distraction thrown into a debate or interview which cannot be answered in the time.
[DB]: Actually, questions are a good way of exposing a matter to scrutiny, as you, as a barrister, would appreciate. I’m sure when you ask questions of witnesses that you are using those questions to open up the subject to the judge or jury in a way that shows the fallaciousness or truth of the matter, depending on the case in question and whose side you are on. The issue of whether your questions are ‘genuine’ or not (that you are personally interested in the answers) is actually not that relevant.
The questions regarding evolution deal with major things that evolution is supposed to explain, if it is the all-encompassing explanation of everything that it is so ubiquitously proclaimed to be. Asking those questions provides an opportunity to see if evolution really does provide answers to these big questions, or whether we have had the ‘smoke and mirrors’ treatment.
It will be very good for CMI supporters to ask these questions with an honest heart and mind. I see nothing new in these questions.
[DB]: I agree that there is nothing new in the questions, but I think it is of value to have such questions placed together, which helps provide an overview of the problem of the materialistic origin of everything (that Evolution provides reasonable answers to very little that matters).
If put genuinely, even I could answer them, and I am not a scientist.
[DB]: You might be interested to see, then, some of the genuine attempts to answer them that we have published, along with our responses, which show that the answers so far are grossly inadequate (and we selected the best; there is no point in dealing with straw-man arguments, which would only set our supporters up for a fall). You might like to compare these published answers with what you think the answers should have been from your perspective. See the links to the three articles that have been added to Question evolution! under Related articles below.
Perhaps you can think of better answers?
Meawnhile I have my own genuine question: We can see that your criticisms of evolution are made because the Bible account is different. We are told how that came from Moses. When he gave his version, why should people have believed him?
[DB]: This is a good question, which gets to the heart of the matter, which is at the core of epistemology. These articles cover the issue of the Bible’s authority in general, complementing one another: Using the Bible to prove the Bible? (Using the Bible to prove the Bible? Are biblical creationists guilty of circular reasoning?) The authority of Scripture. Regarding Moses in particular, there were times when people did not believe him, as the record shows, but it also indicates that God then vindicated Moses before the people, establishing his authority as one who spoke with God. This is the essence of revelation, which of course no materialist would accept. As the last-cited article also indicates, the authority of what Moses recorded is underlined by Jesus’ authentication of it.
PS you may publish my whole name and add ‘Barrister, Sydney’ if you wish.
Terry F., Australia, 15 August 2011
Congratulations to CMI for promoting such an excellent initiative. All Christians should get involved in some way as the reliability of Genesis is foundational to our common faith
Editor,
We have received a lot of unpublishable comments from very angry atheists, which only goes to underline the truth of the last question! We are compiling articles with some of the efforts to answer the questions, with our responses. These will be posted on the front page of CREATION.com in due course.
Peter C., United Kingdom, 4 September 2011
I am truly enjoying the read I do here weekly, I love the articles and more so this one on the Evolution question. I have printed off the 15 questions about evolution and will be using them soon. I will continue to pass on the good words.
George D., Australia, 27 August 2011
This is a great idea! I have had two car door magnets produced at Vistaprint and placed on each of my two front doors with your logo “Question Evolution” and website. needless to say we have been getting some strange looks!
Christopher W., United States, 6 September 2011
Having read over the questions and their subtitles, I have to say that this entire campaign is a big step up from prior ones in its goals and executions. You chose very good questions to ask, and many of them don’t have definite explanations yet.
In my view, asking questions is almost always a good thing, universally, and I think that by asking the questions you have, that it will spur more people to gain an interest in interesting scientific topics. I mean, when I saw the question on sexual reproduction, I immediately began reading up on the topic. It’s interesting what some of the current hypothesis are, but unfortunate that the issue cannot be tested definitively. Even if the evolution of a sexually reproducing eukaryote occurred in a laboratory, there is no guarantee that method of natural selection for sexual reproduction is the method that occurred in the past, all it would prove is that the concept is possible.
Still, this is a very interesting campaign that appears to be a well executed critique of modern understanding of certain evolutionary concepts. I’d like the campaign a lot better though if you avoided terms like pseudoscience when referring to evolution. I’m not going to ask you to call it science, as I understand that you do not agree with that, but it is just a bit rude to say something so dismissive of your opposition. It’s similarly rude to say that you are empowering people to visit your particular website and find out the "truth", followed by "rejecting the lie that everything made itself without god". Frankly, the movement would be a lot better balanced if you avoided purporting a specific explanation (ie. creationism) as the truth opposite to evolution, and instead kept it as a pure critique of evolutionary theory that did not have an agenda to promote the explanation you prefer. Rather you should encourage people to find an explanation, any explanation, that adequately fits the evidence presented, rather than your specific explanation, otherwise you risk appearing biased, and alienating people that might otherwise find your cause worthwhile.
Also, please be careful with the comments you censor. I think you are right to silence people who are being disruptive and acting in anger, because behavior like that isn’t really acceptable, but the fact that you are censoring people at all leads me to expect that you are throwing out all people of an opposing viewpoint. I apologize if this is not the case, it’s just a general trend in internet forum censorship that I have noticed.
All in all, I really love the aim and content of this movement, but I’m kind of put off by the occasional mudslinging. If you kept this to a minimum, then maybe you would garner more favorable response from the people you are trying to convince.
Thank you very much for providing me with these interesting thought provoking questions, please have a nice day. Don Batten responds:
Thanks for your irenic comments. Just a few thoughts:
- The Question evolution campaign focuses on just that. The implication of creation if evolution does not add up is unavoidable in a sense. If things did not arise by natural processes, they must have come from non-natural (supernatural) processes. Things either were not created or they were. There is no third alternative. ‘Nature’ explains itself or it does not.
- The term ‘pseudoscience’, while having a pejorative sound, is actually an apt term for things that are put forward as ‘science’ but which are not open to scientific methodology to test. The General Theory of Evolution is very much such an idea.
- Censorship of opposing comments? Many have been unpublishable (bad language, blasphemy, etc.). The comments that have been cogent serious responses have been collected together and the best are being presented and responded to in our three-part response; See the three-part “Responses to our 15 questions” under Related articles below.
Christopher W., Canada, 23 September 2011
I agree that pejorative terms, even if they are not intended to be pejorative, are more of a hindrance to these thoughtful questions than they are a help. The questions themselves ought to be enough of a challenge to evolutionary science without needing to taunt.
I am not sure I agree that it ought to be kept purely as a critique of evolution without any offer of an alternative explanation. I can agree that it may be rude to say that we have the truth and our opponents the lie, however, I do not believe it is arrogant to present evidence to support a theory that we believe to be true and that we believe answers these 15 questions. Similarly, I am confident that the fine scientists in the creationist camp would be happy to accept a challenge of 15 questions that evolutionists believe unanswerable by our theory.
Douglas B., Brazil, 7 October 2011
Very Good
I will join this campaign
Michael B., United States, 8 October 2011
This is a grand movement and I’m glad it has begun. Our youth are indoctrinated very early to believe every word spoken about evolution without questioning. Creation Science has so much to offer and new discoveries are being made almost every day in this exciting new field of science.
Hats off to TVC and God bless you in this campaign.
Douglas B., Brazil, 15 October 2011
Dinosaurs became Chickens? Wolves turn into Whales? Lemurs became monkeys?
They cannot be talking seriously …
Richard N., United States, 23 October 2011
Love the questions—game changers
Tom S., United States, 5 November 2011
I am 74 years old and have been a creationist Christian for a many years having read many of the late Dr. Henry Morris’ materials. Now connected with CMI, I have your ‘Question Evolution’ bumper sticker on the back of my power wheel-chair. Surprisingly, I haven’t had many comments in the year or so its been there but I don’t get out very much because I have Multiple Sclerosis, that may be the reason.
Great program—keep up the good work—terrific website! Christ is being magnified.
Austin M., New Zealand, 7 December 2011
I am a part time Student at Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand. Although I am not studying biology (or any other science topic) I am interested in the evo/creationism debate as a Christian.
I wondered what would happen if i placed these questions on the pin-board outside the biology rooms. On the first few days it went up it had gone again by the time I had finished my morning lectures (only about 1 hour after posting) then, on I think the fifth day, someone had scrawled “Creationsism is … (insert cuss word) …”.
Are people really this afraid of the truth? Keep up the good work!
Debbie R., United Kingdom, 8 December 2011
I live in South London and was shown these 15 questions by a friend who makes a lot of youtube creation videos. After watching some of his videos I thought I would use the material to witness for Christ on the streets (which I often do). I am usually ignored by the rank and file although I occasionally get kind words from other blessed travelers who have found Christ. In particular is a kind gentleman whom I see most mornings and will often stop and chat with me.
I copy and pasted the 15 questions onto a document and fashioned it into a pamphlet myself and went to witness as I usually do. Feeling empowered by these questions I proclaimed Gods love to all and sundry but those who took my pamphlet (usually politely throwing in the bin around the corner)—can’t save everyone!) were far more hostile to the fact I was promoting evolution as a falsehood!
I had one woman who decided to make it her duty to tell me off in the street. She was quite rude and I felt very threatened as she knocked my pamphlets on to the ground (I am only 16 years old!). When I was stooped to pick them up the kindly gentlemen I spoke off earlier came past and was helping me until he noticed the subject. He suggested that it was MY fault! He said that evolution is a known fact and no one wants to hear different.
I was gobsmacked! It has only strengthened my resolve and I will not stop.
Thank you CMI!
Thanks for sharing your experience with us and encouraging us. Much appreciated! Don Batten (Author of 15 Questions) responds:
People will tolerate our ‘religion’ (ignore us) but not when we challenge the basis of their unbelief, which for most people today is evolution (how everything came to be without God). Their smugness in their unbelief depends on evolution and when we challenge that, they get upset; because it ‘rattles their cage’. This is good! They need to be rattled to realize that they need to be saved! They can dismiss our faith as ‘inside our heads’ but when we start to show them that God is their Creator, they can no longer just ignore us. And there can be no concept of sin unless people understand the reality that God created us (owns us and sets the rules).
Your experience reminded me of this article: Creation evangelism: cutting through the excess.
This one might be helpful to you in witnessing: Why not? And why? The power of asking the right questions.
Thanks again for encouraging us. May God bless you abundantly as you are faithful to Him and may He continue to give you courage to keep on witnessing.
Every blessing in Christ our Wonderful Saviour.
Aldert M., South Africa, 6 January 2012
I believe in only one thing. Evoltion. Nothing else was possible. Don Batten responds:
Pardon, but your bias is showing. Refuting Evolution: Evolution & creation, science & religion, facts & bias. And thanks for affirming the import of Q15.
P. H., Ireland, 8 January 2012
Resubmited as my spellchecker made some serious damage to the earlier one.
Hello, I am a little sceptical that you will print this, but we shall see.
I wonder when you go out with your 15 questions, will you stop once you have met anyone who can give you a reasonable answer? Obviously not everyone is going to have the knowledge to answer the specifics, but if you meet a Biologist for instance who can clearly explain the current state of scientific knowledge will you stop? If you don’t stop will you at least inform the next person without knowledge of the evidence you have been presented with?
Personaly as an Atheist I would rather you did not go around bothering me on the street or in my home, (I am only here because of a link in a debate about removing Religiousus indoctrination from schools) I think it would be far better if you realised that your thoughts are private ones and should not be forced on others. You believe in god, I don’t believe in your god or anyon else’s and I have no interest in "learning" about them beyond an interest in cultural varietyty.
You may quite rightly wonder why I am taking time to post this, It is simply that at the moment we are embroiled in a debate on removing the prayer indoctrination from our child’s school, if just a few of you could recognise the rights of others to a reasonable secular environmentent, we could all move on and end these sometimes bitter quarrels. You have your views, apply them to your own work and lives and leave others alone
Thank you
P.s I would rather not have my name published as it is very rare in my country and i don’t want any more christians at my door!
A couple of comments from Don Batten:
We have already published the best answers so far provided to the questions. See the three-part “Responses to our 15 questions” under Related articles below.
Part of the price of living in a free society is that you can be bothered by other people sharing their views, just as atheists and others can ‘bother’ me with their views (which they do). I don’t mind, as that is a wonderful thing to live in such a free society where that is possible; something I celebrate. Perhaps you would rather live in a country where the state mandates atheism (such states killed 170 million people last century).
Peter G., Australia, 25 January 2012
As time seems the main thing that ‘creates’ evolution. Got time to question it?
How can random mistakes create such beauty and order with all its astounding perfect complexity? I gave up on evolution a long time ago—it has no answers and creates big questions that need better, more logical answers, instead of faith based claims. Atheists love it because it offers them “The way, the truth and the light.” Sound familiar?
Don Batten comments: It certainly takes a lot of ‘faith’ to be an atheist, to believe that everything came from nothing with no cause (see Who created God? and Evolution preposterous). However, everyone has ‘faith based claims’; it is really a question of which ones are most reasonable. Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem effectively shows that ‘faith’ (unprovable assumptions) are unavoidable (see: Does logic need faith?)
John P., Canada, 1 February 2012
I find it very sad that the admins on this site deem it necessary to censor the comments. As this comment will likely never see the light of day, I hope that whomever is editing this website feels ashamed of themselves. This entire movement is intellectually dishonest and strives to corrupt the minds of those who do not necessarily have a good understanding of science and scientific theory. Creationism is an archaic idea (and I’m sure you shall tag that comment as blasphemy-a victimless crime, by the way-and thus elect not to post this)and has been discarded by science on the basis of several principles. Don’t like evolution? Fine. Cosmology and radiocarbon dating dispense with the baffling notion that the Earth is 6000 years old on their own. Don Batten responds:
Thanks for commenting. Your comment will be posted.
As is stated in the form you filled in to comment:
“Your comments on this web article are welcome and may be considered for publication on our website, together with a response. Comments may be edited for clarity and brevity.”
And then you are given an option to: “publish my name if my comment is selected for publication on the Internet.” [emphasis added]
Clearly the opportunity for commenting is conditional and not provided carte blanche. There is good reason for this, in that it seems wherever an open forum is provided on the Internet, too many of those full of hate for God abuse such opportunities with a torrent of vitriolic spam, rendering the forum useless for civil interaction.
Even you resorted to ad hominem abuse (”intellectually dishonest”) rather than just debating the issues. The 15 Questions were written by a PhD biologist and vetted by two other PhD biologists, so your accusation of us misleading those who don’t have “a good understanding of science and scientific theory” is baseless.
Atheism does not require faith? I believe it requires far more ‘faith’ than it does to believe in a supernatural Creator. See: Who created God? and Familiarity breeds … respect?.
“Creationism is an archaic idea”? Yes, of course it’s an old idea, it’s been around since the beginning when God created everything! But I hope you don’t subscribe to the illogical notion that merely because something is old it is no longer true! And you can rest easy that it is not blasphemy to say that; blasphemy is to use God’s name in a disrespectful way, such as a swear word. Criticizing someone’s religious beliefs is not blasphemy; at least not with Christianity.
Creation is discarded because it acknowledges God; that’s all. See: Amazing admission. This was not the attitude of the founders of modern science, such as Isaac Newton, widely acknowledged as the greatest scientist ever.
It is ironic that you proffer cosmology and carbon dating as ‘proof’ of deep time. James Gunn of Princeton University, co-founder of the Sloan survey, said that “Cosmology may look like a science, but it isn’t a science. A basic tenet of science is that you can do repeatable experiments, and you can’t do that in cosmology.” (Cho, Adrian, A singular conundrum: How odd is our universe? Science 3171848–1850, 2007.)
Also, creationist cosmologists have devised models of how the universe could have formed in the Earth time frame of 6,000 years. And these models match a number of observations that are a problem for the big bang model. There are many relevant articles here: Astronomy and Astrophysics Q & A.
As for carbon dating, it is actually strong evidence against deep time. See the chapter on radiometric dating from the Creation Answers Book: Chapter 4: What about carbon dating?. Note particularly the section: “14C in fossils supposedly millions of years old", which is a huge problem for the belief in millions and billions of years. See also: Age of the earth: 101 evidences for a young age of the earth and the universe.
I hope this is at least helpful in clarifying your understanding about what us Christian creationists believe, even if you choose to disagree.
Matt O., Canada, 1 February 2012
Nylonase. I win. Dr Don Batten responds:
The adaptation of bacteria to feed on nylon waste (’nylonase’) involved two point mutations that are both adaptive in an existing gene. The mutations sequentially decrease the specificity of an existing esterase enzyme, enabling it to hydrolyze the same type of bond in a slightly different chemical, a nylon waste compound. This is not proof that such random changes in genes created aldolases/esterases in the first place, or the myriad other distinctly different genes, gene regulatory networks, metabolic pathways involving multiple enzymes, fantastically sophisticated nano-machines, etc. (see Clarity and confusion). That is what evolution must explain. Just read a few papers on ATP synthase or DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, gyrases, or dyneins, or kinesins or any enzyme/protein that is well-studied (I am not talking of what we don’t know here, but what we do know). Such discoveries of modern science scream ‘creation’. Antony Flew was the most famous atheistic philosopher of last century and he abandoned atheism because of the strength of such evidence (see Former leading atheist argues for the existence of God).
The Bible’s statement that no-one has any excuse for denying God’s existence (Romans 1:18ff) has never been truer, especially for those who study molecular biology.
J. G., Canada, 3 February 2012
Thank you for taking the time to put together those “15 questions”. Even if you’re not giving the pamphlet to someone, they highlight many important questions and enable me to see topics that I should read up on, and learn more about.
As for some of the other users commenting, I am disappointed that there has been little, or no "rebuttal". All there has been thusfar is what I hear on a daily basis when I voice my disbelief: “Evolution is a closed case as proven as gravity” (insert either an ad hominine or straw man argument here).
Edmund A., United Kingdom , 16 February 2012
Although I don’t believe in creationism or intelligent design I found this article very interesting. I would definitely agree that evolution should be questioned just like all scientific theories and should certainly shouldn’t be taught as dogma in any educational institution anywhere. However, I can’t help but think that you (and anyone who refuses to question evolution) has missed the point of the theory. It is exactly that: a theory. Whilst it cannot completely explain every facet of how we arrived at what we are today, it is an important step to a closer and detailed understanding of how our varied and beautiful world came to be. It is by no means perfect but, until we find out more, it is the best thing we have. Personally I have never seen a massive discrepancy between the story of creation and evolution in that the world is formed over a period of time (6 days); with each element being built on top of the other. The world doesn’t just instantly come into being fully formed. Then again, as someone who doesn’t believe in God, I’ve always read the bible as ancient man’s allegorical explanation of the world around him and not as ‘the word of god’. It shows how we have always been keenly intelligent and observant of the world around us; and how we have always had the compulsion to ask ‘why?’. This is what makes us human.
I hope this comment gets posted somewhere where people can read it. More to show that not all atheists (a label I wear reluctantly) are not religion bashing, close-minded fools. I’d welcome anyone’s response to my opinions because debate and discussion are important. Its when we start blindly believing in anything that we are truly lost. Don Batten responds:
Your acceptance of evolutionary theory as “the best thing we have” rests on the presupposition (axiom / faith position) of materialism. There is another way of looking at things; see ‘It’s not science’. The order of ‘creation’ according to evolution is quite different to the order in Genesis 1, and the days are earth-rotation days (even and morning, … day), not (long) periods of time, so the account in the Bible cannot be compatible with evolution; see: Some questions for theistic evolutionists. Also, Christian faith is not blind faith, but based on evidence: Superstition vs Christianity. The evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus is key.
Jay M., United Kingdom, 8 April 2012
Hello CMI. I thank you for launching this campaign. Because of you, I have been able to render Evolutionists absolutely silent. I have, however, recieved one answer to question 7 that I'm rather struggling with, and I can't find any relevant answers in the search box (at least not with the keywords or terms I use).
I was sent this article [about 'evolution' of multicellularity in yeast]. Basically they put single celled yeast in a flask and shook it every now and again. After 60 days, it "evolved" into a multi-cellular organism. Would you like to work your usual magic and help me out? Don Batten responds:
This is a nice bit of propaganda about the yeast, but it lacks as science.
We covered this in Creation 34(1), page 9, January 2012.
Here is the clue that gives it away entirely: every one of the culture lines made this transition to ‘multicellularity’ independently. This strongly suggests that the yeast have the genetic programming to enable clumping under certain environmental conditions. That is, this is a pre-programmed adaptive feature of the yeast. So this is not de novo evolution of multicellularity.
There was no study to demonstrate genetic changes (new or modified genes) that would give some substance to the claim that multicellularity had evolved from non-multicellularity.
Edmund L., South Africa, 13 April 2012
Debate is healthy. However I confess that sometimes I just feel like saying to those who refuse the Creator, go your own way then because you WILL believe on that day when you stand before your maker. But then I see the picture of that, so arrogant before, now a wretched damned soul in fear and trembling before Almighty God and I feel real pity. I know I must keep giving the gospel message of salvation through Christ. We must keep on keeping on.
Bless you for your efforts. Some will come to Christ, be sure of that.
Edmund
Anil G., Australia, 17 April 2012
Hey, you can put a QR code on a t shirt that links to the 15 questions, or whatever you want. People snap the QR code with the reader on their phone and it takes them straight to the site. QR codes are just starting to get popular now so people are trying them out just for fun. Don Batten responds:
Good idea, Anil. We have begun to use QR codes, for example: i-Phone and Android aps
Theodore T., United Kingdom, 21 May 2012
I believe in evolution and the Christian faith.
There is no conflict between the two.
Why the insistance that they do conflict?
Life evolved from primordial elements formed on the early Earth billions of years ago by chance (or rather, by divine providence).
Genesis affirms the truth that God is behind this, and tells us in a non-literal way (though still more than true) how mankind has chosen the disobey God and walk his own path.
Why is there the need to put the two truths at odds? Don Batten responds:
Please see: Some questions for theistic evolutionists
If it is chance, then God is not behind it. If God is behind it, it is not chance. The two are mutually contradictory.
If Genesis is non-literal, how do you know that it teaches "the truth that God is behind" our existence or that mankind disobeyed God? Perhaps these are "non-literal" too? Genesis is meant to be understood as history, as Jesus and the Apostles did. That is the way we understand it, which is the basis of the gospel. Please read the article above.
christopher B., United Kingdom, 23 May 2012
i am an atheist i believe in evolution but i do wish i could believe in christ but i dont but for people out there who do maybe you could consider that god started evolution and the 7 days is in gods eyes that could mean billions of years im only 14 but this seems to me like it would fit both sides of the debate and it seems completely plausible to me Don Batten responds:
This is not a new idea (days-are-ages). When I was younger I thought it might work, but I found that it only works if you don't think about it very much. Because it makes death and suffering part-and-parcel of creation for eons of time before the first people, it actually undermines the whole message of the Bible that God created a "very good" creation into which the corruption of death came because of the rejection of God's rule over mankind (in Adam and Eve; the original sin). Jesus came to make a way of escape from the corruption of death (called "the last enemy" in 1 Corinthians 15:26). He was raised from the dead, showing that he had overcome death. We can be forgiven for our own sin (rebellion against God) because of what Jesus did. He is called "the last Adam" because he came to undo what the first Adam did. See Did God create over billions of years?
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