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Creation 30(1):35–37, December 2007

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Lizard losers (and winners)

by

Robert LaFollette, www.robertlafollette.comLizard

Just as in years past, the headlines announcing the latest study of anole lizards proclaimed evolution as fact. ‘Leggy lizards evolve in fast-forward’,1 ‘Short legs win evolution battle’,2 and ‘quick evolution at work’3 were typical.

But closer inspection of the reports of what the researchers actually observed,4 just as with earlier studies,5,6,7,8,9 soon showed that the latest island lizard goings-on, as in years past, have nothing to do with ‘goo-to-you’ evolution.

The researchers, led by Jonathan Losos of Harvard University, studied brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) on small islands in the Bahamas. These lizards normally spend much of their time on the ground. However, as previous investigations have shown, brown anoles progressively become more arboreal when a ground-dwelling predatory lizard is introduced onto their island. That is, they learn to spend more time up in trees to escape being eaten.

In the latest study, the researchers introduced the large predatory lizard Leiocephalus carinatus to six islands to see what impact it might have on the brown anole populations, compared to six islands which they kept predator-free.

After six months, brown anole populations on predator islands were cut by at least half, with longer-legged individuals (being faster and better able to elude the predators) surviving in greater numbers than their shorter-legged brethren.

However, six months later, by which time many brown anoles on predator islands were spending more time in trees, the numbers of short-legged lizards, which are better climbers, had bounced back.

Note that what we are seeing here is natural selection in operation—not molecules-to-man evolution, as there has been no increase in genetic information. During the first six months, natural selection culled many shorter-legged anole lizards from the population—in the battle for survival, they were the ‘losers’ while the surviving longer-legged anoles were the initial ‘winners’. But with the shift to a more arboreal lifestyle, the surviving shorter-legged ‘losers’ became ‘winners’—note, not ‘gainers’, because they have not gained any new information, and therefore, have not ‘evolved’.

Robert LaFollette, robertlafollette.comLizard

Thus all that’s been observed here is a change in the percentages of the lizard population with short vs long legs. In fact, by the end of the study, there had apparently been no net change in those percentages, as the researchers noted: ‘[H]ad we waited 12 months to first measure selection, we could have concluded that the predator’s presence had little if any effect on selection, and we certainly would have failed to detect the transitory selection for longer hind limbs over the first 6-month period.’4

So, where the reports of this latest anole lizard research described the changes in terms of natural selection, they got it right—Darwin was right about natural selection10,11—but where this was claimed to be evolution they got it wrong (see Table). Interchangeably using the words ‘natural selection’ and ‘evolution’ is unwarranted and misleading. This is because no evolution (in the sense of the sorts of changes which could cause a fish to eventually become a fisherman, requiring huge additions of new information) has occurred, as the evidence bears out. And note that the changes (wrought by natural selection) have occurred quickly—a delight to creationists, as our model is helped by rapid diversification within kinds after the Flood.9,12

Note, too, that if the short-legged anole lizards had been completely wiped out in the first six months, the exclusively long-legged survivors, though ‘winners’, would actually represent a population of ‘losers’ in the sense that genetic information for short-leggedness had been lost from the population, leaving it less well-equipped to ‘adapt’ to an arboreal lifestyle.13

So, genetically, we have lizard ‘losers’, not ‘gainers’, and therefore no evolution.

Table showing examples of where the anole lizard reports got it right, and wrong.

Publication RIGHT WRONG
Original report in Science4 ‘… selection dramatically changed direction over a very short time, within a single generation, favoring first longer and then shorter hindlimbs’. ‘… may often be the key in driving extremely rapid reversals in evolution’.
New Scientist1 ‘… natural selection did an about-face to favour short-legged lizards’. ‘When it comes to evolutionary nimbleness, anole lizards are among the most agile of all animals.’
National Geographic News14 ‘… natural selection— can shift like the wind’.
  • ‘The evolutionary experiment … reveals that, even though evolution can seem like a slow process, its driving force—natural selection—can shift like the wind’.
  • ‘evolutionary change can sometimes occur very quickly’.
Times Online10 ‘These changes occurred within a single generation, showing how the effects of natural selection can play out very quickly’.
  • ‘There’s nothing like the threat of being eaten to make an animal evolve in double-quick time’.
  • ‘Twice within a year the brown anole lizard has evolved changes in its body and behaviour to outwit a predator’.
  • ‘In the first six months the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, developed longer legs so that it could outrun its predator’.
LiveScience2 ‘… when island lizards were exposed to a new predator, natural selection occurred in a six-month period, first favoring longer and then shorter hind legs’.
  • ‘Short legs win evolution battle’
  • ‘In a reptilian version of “Survivor”, lizards with longer legs ultimately get booted from islands by their short-legged opponents’.
First posted on homepage: 21 February 2007
Re-posted on homepage: 15 December 2021

References and notes

  1. Leggy lizards evolve in fast-forward, New Scientist 192(2579):18, 25 November 2006. Return to text.
  2. Bryner, J., Short legs win evolution battle, LiveScience, 4 January 2007. Return to text.
  3. Yong, E., Natural selection does a handbrake turn—quick evolution at work, Not exactly rocket science, 4 January 2007. Return to text.
  4. Losos, J., Schoener, T., Langerhans, R., Spiller, D., Rapid temporal reversal in predator-driven natural selection, Science 314(5802):1111, 17 November 2006. Return to text.
  5. Cohen, P., Reptiles don’t leave evolution to chance, New Scientist 147(1995):10, 16 September 1995. Return to text.
  6. Wieland, C., Latin Lizards: Logos vs Lottery, Journal of Creation 10(2):170, 1996. Return to text.
  7. Losos, J.B., Warheit, K.I. and Schoener, T.W., Adaptive differentiation following experimental island colonization in Anolis lizards, Nature 387(6628):70–73, 1 May1997. Return to text.
  8. Fast lizard changes delight creationists, Creation 19(4):9, 1997. Return to text.
  9. Catchpoole, D. and Wieland, C., Speedy species surprise, Creation 23(2):13–15, 2001. Return to text.
  10. Smith, L., Darwin got it right—it’s survival of the fastest, Times Online, 4 January 2007. Return to text.
  11. Note that Darwin was not the first to identify the reality of natural selection. See: Grigg, R., Darwin’s illegimitate brainchild, Creation 26(2):39–41, 2004. Return to text.
  12. See also Wieland, C., Brisk biters—fast changes in mosquitoes astonish evolutionists, delight creationists, Creation 21(2):41, 1999. Return to text.
  13. And if, in time, all the long-legged anole lizards were wiped out, the short-legged ‘winners’ would similarly represent a population of ‘losers’, with the genetic information for long-leggedness having been lost. Return to text.
  14. Norris, S., Evolution’s ‘driving force’ shifts based on behavior, study says, National Geographic News, 4 January 2007. Return to text.

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