Okwanika obukyamu bwa Evolution(okufuuka kwensi n’obutonde)

Omukulembeze w’ensi yonna ku nsonga y’endwadde ya nnalubiri: ’Tewali kakwate na kufuuka kw’ansi (evolution)!’

Jonathan Sarfati ng’abuuza Felix Konotey-Ahulu

Ekiwandiiko kino kiva mu… Okutondebwa 29(1):16–19, December 2006

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Mu lukungaana lw’abakkiririza mu butonzi olwaliwo mu Bungereza (nga April 2006), nnafuna omukisa ogwekitiibwa okusisinkana Dr Felix Konotey-Ahulu (mu kifaananyi).

Obulwadde bwa nnalubiri (sickle cell)

Obukugu bwa Dr Konotey-Ahulu buli mu bulwadde bwa musaayi obw’amaanyi, obutawona era obuluma obuyitibwa obwa nnalubiri, obuteeberezebwa okuba obukakafu obulaga obutuufu bw’enyinyonyola ya Darwinan ku kufuuka kw’ensi (evolution). Annyonnyola nti:

‘Kino kiva ku kusikira —okuva mu bazadde bombi — obuzibu buno busibuka mu kutondebwa kwebirungo ebikola omusaayi, kino nga ky’ekitundu ekitwaala omukka ogussibwa oguyitibwa oxygen mu butoffaali obumyufu obw’omusaayi. Okusikira obuzibu buno okuva ku muzadde omu yekka kuba “kwakasirise”, era tekuvaamu bulwadde bwonna, naye kisobola okubutambuza okudda ku baana baabwe. “Abantu ababa n’obulwadde buno wabula bo tebubakosa,” nga maama wange, tebamanya nti balina kye basitula okutuusa ng’omusaayi gwabwe gukebereddwa.

‘Mu mbeera ezimu (ng ’obutaba na mukka gussibwa ogwa oxygen) ekizibu kino ekisikire eky’emirundi ebiri kikyusa obutoffaali obumyufu okuva mu ngeri enetooloovu okudda mu ngeri ya “nnajjolo”. Obutoffaali buno obukyuusiddwa mu nkula y’abwo busobola okuzibikira emisuwa emitono, nebuleetera ebinywa n’ebitundu ebirala eby’omubiri obutaba na mukka gussibwa ogwa oxygen. Newankubadde kino kiri kityo, abatawaanyizibwa embeera eno, bakoze bulungi nnyo nga bafunye obujjanjabi obutuufu, okufuuka abasawo, bannamateeka n’abalala.

‘Olwokuba nti ffenna tuteekwa okuba ne ndaga bulamu (genes) za mirundi ebiri ezitukola, (ekitegeeza nti emu eva ku taata, n’endala ku maama), kya bulijjo omuzadde omu (nga jjajja wange omukazi ku ludda lwa maama) okuwa omwana omu endaga bulamu ey’omusaayi (hemoglobin gene) ennungi, ate omulala (ng’ono ye jjajja wange omusajja ku ludda lwa maama) n’awa omwana y’omu endaga bulamu y’omusaayi ng’erimu endwadde ya nnalubiri.

‘Bw’atyo maama wange bwe yafuuka omu ku bantu ababa n’obulwadde bwa nnalubiri wabula nga tebalaga bubonero era nga tebubakosa (carriers). Naye yazaala abaana 11, era ng’alina okuwa buli mwana ndaga bulamu (gene) emu yokka ku zize (ssi zombi), bwe kityo yatuwa endaga bulamu ttaano ezirimu obulwadde bwa nnalubiri (sickle genes) n’endala mukaaga ‘ennamu’, olwo kitaffe naye n’atuwa ekitundu ku zize netumaliriza nga tulina endaga bulamu (genes) “bbiri bbiri”. Kikulu nnyo okumanya nti abantu nga maama wange tebaba nti ekitundu ku bbo balwadde olw’okubanga balina endaga bulamu (gene) ennamu n’endala endwadde. Era mazima ddala tebafuna kulwaala ng’abalina obulwadde bwa “nnalubiri”. Wabula, mu bitundu ebitawanyizibwa ennyo omusujja gwe’nsiri, kizuuliddwa nti abantu ab’engeri eno balamu nnyo okusinga abo abatalina bulwadde bwa nnalubiri.’

Kale lwaki kino kirabika ng’ekiwagirwa Darwin? Omusawo omukugu Konotey-Ahulu, ayanukula bwati:

‘Omusayi ogulimu akawuka ka nnalubiri teguwomera nnyo kawuka kaleeta musujja gwa nsiri, n’olwekyo abantu bano ababa ne nnalubiri wabula nga tebalaga bubonero era nga tebubakosa, tebatera kukwatibwa musujja guno, ekintu ekitera okuba eky’obulabe. Abantu abalina endaga bulamu ng’emu erimu nnalubiri nga endala“nnungi” (heterozygosity kye kigambo eky’ekikugu ekinnyonyola kino) bajja kuba n’omukisa gw’obutafuna bulwadde bwa nnalubiri wadde okufa omusujja gw’ensiri mu buto. N’olwekyo bano baba n’emikisa okugaba endaga bulamu (genes) eri omulembe oguddako okusinga abo abalina endaga bulumu“ ennungi” ebbiri. Bw’ekityo endaga bulamu (gene) erimu nnalubiri esangibwa nnyo mu bitundu ebitawaanyizibwa omusujja gw’ensiri naddala mu Afrika. Ekintu kino kimanyiddwa mu bakkiririzza mu kufuuka kw’esi nga; “balanced polymorphism” (ekitegeeza okubeerawo kwebintu ebibiri nga tebifaanagana).’

Naye olowooza nti kino kitegeeza nti endowooza ya Darwin ntuufu? Omusawo ng’ate mukugu Konotey-Ahulu kino akiwakanya nnyo. ‘Okwetegereza/okumanya ebibeera mu kwekubisaamu (mutation) (okukyuuka kw’ekintu okwembagirawo oba okwonooneka kwakyo); ye agamba, ‘tekuraga nti ebintu ebizibu okutegeera byetulaba leero nti byava mu butundutundu by’ebintu ebyaliwo.’

Teyalina kuwakana nti ‘ekintu okulondebwa mu butonde kisobola okuleetera ekintu ekyo okuba n’obusobozi obusitula ekikula kyakyo mu kyo. Era nti bw’oba nga tokwatibwa musujja gwa nsiri, wandisobola obutatambuza endaga bulamu zo (genes).’

Kyokka, alabula nti, ‘Okulonda ekintu mu butonde tekulaga nti kituufu “eky’okufuuka kw’ensi” kwava awo kituufu, ng’ate abaana b’amasomero bangi kino bakisomeseddwa “ng’obukakafu” obw’okufuuka kw’ensi.’ Yalaga nti obutoffali obulimu obulwadde bwa nnalubiri, kiraga obukyamu, si kweyongera kwabuzibu oba okulongooka mu nkola y’ekintu ekiba kirondeddwa’. Era yalaga ekintu ekitaali kya ssanyu, nti ‘okubeera n’abantu abalina nnalubri naye nga tebalina bubonero era nga nobulwaadde buno tebubakosa, kivaamu abantu bangi okutawaanyizibwa obulwadde buno obw’entiisa.’

Endowooza ya Darwin ya mugaso mukunoonyereza?

Wadde nga tewali bujulizi, abawagira pokopoko w’ensi okufuuka bajuliza nti awatali kufuuka kwansi (evolution) ssaayansi yenna yandisanyeewo oba yandizeeyo mu myaka gy’obutamanyibwa. Naye bannassaayansi abatuufu nga Dr. Komotey-Ahulu bagamba nti ssaayansi yandikoze bulungi nnyo singa bannassaayansi bano bakola nga besigama ku bituufu era ebyamazima okusinga okwesigama ku ndowooza n’enkola ezigunjiziddwawo.’

Mu mulimu gwe ogw’enjawulo, ateesa nti okussa essira ku ndowooza ya Darwin eno kiyinza okuba nga kyaleetera bannassaayansi okubuusa amaaso enkola y’okubuuliriza esinga okuvaamu ebibala, kwe kugamba nti okusajjalaata (okubeera n’abakyala abasukka mu omu) kwali kwa bulijjo mu bantu enzaalwa z’Abafirika n’Abasiraamu.²

Kino yakiwagira n’okunoonyereza ku kika kya famire ye okuva ku byaasa bisatu ebiyise, okuva bwe kiri nti mu bajjajja be w’aliyo obulwadde bwa nnalubiri (sickle-cell anemia) n’okubeera n’abakazi abangi.³

Kino kyali kyetaagisa okumanya amannya ag’enjawulo ebika mu Afirika byegaalina ag’obulwadde buno mu biseera ebyedda nga tebunnannyonyolwako mu Amerika mu 1910. Omusawo-Ahulu agamba nti ‘kino kiyitibwa obuvo n’obudo obukwaata enkula y’ebirungo ebikola omuntu okuviira ddala ku bajjajja be abemabega, wabula nga bino tebitera kubaawo mu materekero g’ebyobusawo’, newakubadde bino byebyamusobozesa okuyiiya enkola ya Procreative Superiority Index (MPSI) ng’eno y’engeri y’ekibalo emyamba okuzuula obungi bw’obulwadde bwa nnalubiri mu muntu. Okunoonyereza kuno kwafulumizibwa nga ‘African Viewpoint’ mu musomo gw’ensi yonna ogwa The Human Genome Diversity Project mu 1999.⁴

[Ed. Weetegereze: Tunuulira ekiwandiiko ekyasooka ekya Dr K-A mu katabo k’obutonzi, ekigamba nti; Obulwadde bwa nnalubiri tebukakasa kufuuka kwa nsi (evolution)! (Sickle-cell anemia does not prove evolution!).]

Okusoma olulimi

Newakubadde, ng’ojjeeko omulimu Omusawo Konotey-Ahulu gwe yakola ku bulwadde bwa nnalubiri, ye agamba nti ekisinga obukulu mu byonna bye yazuula kwe ‘kupima obungi bw’amaloboozi agasangibwa mu nnimi z’amaloboozi mu Afirika, ezaali tezinnaba kunnyonnyolwako.’ Kino kyamusobozesa okuvumbula enkola y’okuwandiika ennimi z’amaloboozi mu Afirika.⁵ Omusawo ono agamba nti eddoboozi ery’omu makkati erituukiridde ery’ekika ky’Afirika, eryetaagisa okutegeera olulimi, omuli n’emiwaatwa gy’amaloboozi 3, lisomooza ennyinyonyola ya Darwin ey’okufuuka kw’ensi (evolution).

Okukkiriza kw’ekikristaayo

Omusawo Konotey-Ahulu mukristaayo mukukuutivu, era asobodde okulwanirira enzikiriza ye mu lupapula lwa Ghanaian Times n’olwa British Medical Journal.⁶ Naye bulijjo tekyali bwe kityo. Okufaananako n’abantu bangi abakuzibwa mu kkanisa, yali alowoozezza bukyamu nti yali yalokoka, ng’alowooza nti ‘yazaalibwa mukristaayo’. Nga ye mutabani w’omusumba, era omuwandiisi omukulu ow’ekisinde ky’abavubuka ekiyitibwa SCM (Student Christian Movement), naye agamba nti mu butuufu yali takyuukanga okutuusa ku ssaawa 8 ez’olweggulo, ol’wokutaano nga 24 October 1952:

‘Nnali nsoma ekitundu ky’ekyawandiikibwa eky’olunaku mu njiri ya Matayo, ekiagamba nti Mukama waffe Yesu teyajja kuyita batuukirivu wabula abonoonyi okwenenya. Mu mazima kino kyankomako, nti Ye teyajja ku lwange, kubanga saali mwonoonyi; mazima ddala kale era ssi mubi nnyo nga gundi oba gundi, oba kale gundi ne gundi….’

Kale Omusawo ono Konotey-Ahulu yakizuula nti ‘Oyo eyanyonnyola “Ekibi” mu nze (era nga nzikiriziganyiza ddala nnyo n’okunnyonnyola okwo), mutukuvu nnyo nga n’ekibonerezo ekingwaana kyandibadde kugobebwa ddala okuva mu maaso Ge.’

Wabula, ku musalaba e Gologosa, Yesu ‘yakukyuusa obutuukirivu n’abuzza gyendi omwonoonyi. Era ssi nziina z’ebibi zange zokka zezateekebwa ku Mukama waffe Yesu Kristo nezimubonerezesa (nga bwe kyalagulwa edda mu Isaaya essuula 53), naye n’ekyambalo kya Mukama ekirabika obulungi eky’obutuukirivu kikyusibwa nekimpeebwa mu kaseera ke mmukkiririzaamu (2 Abakkolinso 5 :21 ).’

Naye Obukristaayo buwangwa bwa bazungu?

Omusawo Konotey-Ahulu era agamba nti ‘Abafirika batera okungamba nti sirina kuba nakakwate konna na bukristaayo kubanga ddiini ya bazungu,’ Naye, agamba nti:

‘Nkitwala ng’obuvunaanyizibwa bwange okubasomesa. Okusookera ddala, mbagamba nti Mukama waffe Yesu yayiga okutambula, ssi ku lukalu lwa Bulaaya, wabula mu Mizirayimu (eky’omu Misiri), era mu Africa. Eky’okubiri, omulaawe, addirira Nabakyala Candace, bwe yafuuka Omukristaayo ng’asoma nnabbi Isaaya essuula 53, era Firipo n’amuyamba okutegeera bye yali asoma, enzaalwa z’ebizinga by’e Bungereza baali bakyaali mu nteekateeka ya kusomesebwa Abaruumi okusoma n’okuwandiika. Kale no waleme okubaawo omuntu yenna akuwabya nti Enjiri ya Mukama waffe Yesu Kristo kiyiiye kya bazungu ba Bulaaya.’

Okwongereza ku bino, yalaga nti okukkiriza kw’Ekikristaayo kwe kwawangula obusuubuzi bw’abaddu. Omusawo Konotey-Ahulu alaga nti:

‘John Newton (1725–1807) yali Mukristaayo ow’erinnya, era kapiteeni w’emmeeri y’abaddu, era yasuula abalwadde mu nnyanja bafiire omwo. Yali muntu mubi nnyo. Naye oluvannyuma John Newton yalumirizibwa ekibi. Yawulira amawulire gano amalungi nti newankubadde Katonda akyawa ekibi kye, ayagala omwonoonyi (Yokaana 3:14–16). Newton ono yeenenya, n’ategeera amakulu g’Ekisa, n’afuuka omukulembeze w’okulwanyisa obuddu, era n’awandiika oluyimba luno: “Newuunya Ekisa kyo! Nga eddoboozi liwooma, eryawonya omubi nga nze! Lumu nnali mbuze, naye kati wanzawula; eyali omuzibe, naye kati ndaba.”’ [Ed. note: Wetegereze William Wilberforce naye awakanya obuddu: omuzira w’obukristaayo (Anti-slavery activist William Wilberforce: Christian hero)].

Okutonda kukwata kutya ku Njiri?

Ababuulizi bangi bagamba nti ensonga y’obutonda ssi nkulu nnyo. Wabula omusawo omukugu, Konotey-Ahulu yalaga nti kino kikulu nnyo:

‘Omwana gwe tujaguliza amazaalibwa ku Ssekukkulu ye Mutonzi w’ensi! Laba Yokaana 1:1–5, naddala olunyiriri 3: “Ebintu byonna byatondebwa mu ye, era awataali ye tewaali kintu kyonna ekyatondebwa.” Ensi, gy’olaba, ssi kabenje ka bwengula. Ensi eno yatondebwa Katonda ali mu busatu, era okuyita mu Mukama waffe Yesu eyazaalibwa mu Beserekemu.’

Naye ebikwata ku butonzi bikulu? Musawo Konotey-Ahulu y’ebuuza, ‘Kale lwaki Yesu yalina okuzaalibwa?’ era yeddamu ekibuuzo kye ye kennyini nti:

‘Ensi Katonda gye yatonda yali etuukiridde, nga teriiko kamogo, era nga terimu kibi. Adamu ne Kaawa baali bamanyi bulungi Katonda mu Lusuku Adeni. Naye awo ne wajja okugwa, omulabe wa Katonda omukulu Omulyolyomi, Sitaani, Lusifa, Omulimba, bwe yalimbalimba bajjajjaffe n’abakiise baffe ab’omwoyo, Adamu ne Kaawa, olwo ne bagobwa mu lusuku era ne bafiirwa okumanya kwa Katonda n’enkolagana gy’ebaalina n’Omutonzi.’

Abantu bayinza okwebuuza nti, ‘Okyakkiririza mu busirusiru bw’amasomo ga Ssande?’ Omusawo Konotey-Ahulu ye akakasa nti ‘kino si kya busirusiru.’

Yannyonnyola nti:

‘Tewali kintu kyonna kikola makulu mu bulamu nga bwe nkimanyi —entalo, engambo z’entalo, enkaayana (ez’omunda n’amwanga amala mu nsi yonna), obubi, obutali bwenkanya, ekibi n’ebikivaamu, obulumi n’okubonaabona, endwadde (ensikire n’ezifunibwa obufunibwa) —okutuusa lwe nkilaba mu byafaayo by’obutonzi obutuukiridde, okugwa n’ebikuvaamu eby’entiisa, ekisuubizo kya Katonda ssi kutereezabutereeza ebyo Sitaani byeyayonoona, naye n’okuzzaawo enkolagana kw’omuntu naye Yennyini okuyita mu Mwana we eyafuulibwa Omuntu (Katonda okufuuka Omuntu).

‘Obutafaananako Adamu ne Kaawa, Omwana yali wakugondera ddala amateeka ga Katonda. Yali wakutuukiriza obwenkanya bwa Katonda obujjuvu (Adamu ne Kaawa kyebataasobola kukola), n’asasulira n’ekibonerezo olw’ekibi, ezzadde lya Adamu omujeemu liryoke limukkiririzeemu lireme kuzikirira, wabula lifune obulamu obutaggwaawo.

‘Era bino byonna yabikakasa olw’okuzuukira kwe okw’ekitiibwa. Mu butuufu, singa bino byonna saabikkiririzaamu, nnandisanze nga tekisoboka kufuna kunnyonnyola kumatiza ku bulamu oluvannyuma lw’okufa.’

Omusawo omukugu D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo

Bwe nnasookera ddala okusisinkana omusawo omukugu ono Konotey-Ahulu, kyali luvannyuma lw’emboozi mwennali njuliza omubuulizi omukulu Martyn Lloyd-Jones (1899–1981) ng’alaga nti Obukristaayo bwesigamye ku bintu eby’abyafaayo, omuli Adeni, Amataba n’omunaala gw’e Babeli.¹ Omusawo Konatey-Ahulu yantegeeza nti omusawo Martyn Lloyd-Jones yeyamugatta mu bufumbo obutukuvu ne mukyala we (mu kifaananyi). [Ebyaliwo: gye buvuddeko baajaguza emyaka 50 egy’obufumbo —laba ekifaananyi wansi — n’olwekyo abayozaayoza kulw’obuwanguzi buno.] Yagattako nti, ‘Ng’ababuulizi b’enjiri abalala baali balonzalonza ku Adamu ne Kaawa, nga bagamba nti “mu butuufu tekikwetaagisa kubajuliza ng’obuulira muntu nti mwonoonyi, kubanga bakimanyidde ddala nti bonoonyi”, Musawo Lloyd-Jones bulijjo atandikira ku Adamu ne Kaawa.’ Oluvannyuma, musawo Konotey-Ahulu yafuna omukisa gw’okubeera omuntu yekka Dr Maryn Lloyd-Jones gweyawa obubaka bwe 200 okutwala mu Afrika ng’ava mu Bungereza n’abomu maka gange oluvannyuma lw’okusoma diguli yange eyookubiri.’

Mountain High Maps © (www.digiwis.com)

Musawo Konotey-Ahulu agamba nti, ‘Nnayagala nnyo okugenda okuwulira Dr Martyn Lloyd-Jones, eyali omusawo w’omutima mu ddwaaliro lya St Bartholomew, naye nga kati mubuulizi w’amaanyi mu Westminster Chapel, eri okumpi n’olubiri lwa Buckingham.’ Mu 1957, yaleeta munne, Brian Williams. Oluvannyuma, ‘Brian yangamba nti: “Felix, n’omusawo Lloyd-Jones yagamba nti byonna ebyetaagisa okukolebwa olw’obulokozi bwange bikoleddwa. Kino Kituufu?” nze nengamba nti “Wewaawo,” Brian ne yeewaayo eri Mukama waffe Yesu Kristo. Yagenda mu maaso n’afuuka Pulofeesa w’Eddagala y’ebirwadde ebibalukawo mu Yunivasite y’e Sheffield ne Nottingham. Mu 2005, omusawo Williams yali mulwadde nnyo, era n’asaba akatambi k’obubaka bw’omusawo Martyn Lloyd-Jones. (ku ddyo ennyo, ye Mukyala Lloyd-Jones ku kkono). Nga awuliriza obubaka buno, Brian Williams yava mu bulamu bwensi n’agenda mu bwemirembe n’emirembe.’²

Ebijuliziddwa

1. See Batten, D., Famous preacher: ‘Creation, not evolution’, creation.com/mlj,14 August 2004 (mu luzungu).
2. Konotey-Ahulu, F., Historicity of The Lord Jesus Christ (2): Significance of Easter; Ghanaian Times, Saturday 8 April 2006, p. 6.