Geology Questions and Answers

General topics:

• Geology and the Bible (Tas Walker’s biblical geology page) (Semi-Technical)
• Genesis and catastrophe
• The origin of old-Earth geology and its ramifications for life in the 21st century
• Study guides for The Geology Book and Exploring Planet Earth
• Charles Lyell’s hidden agenda—to free science “from Moses”

What geological evidence in our world today supports events mentioned in the Bible, such as a global flood?

• Assessing Creationist Stratigraphy with Evidence from the Gulf of Mexico (Semi-Technical)
• Australia’s Burning Mountain
• A classic tillite reclassified as a submarine debris flow (Technical)
• Call to censor public information at the Giant’s Causeway, UK
• Can Flood geology explain thick chalk beds?
• Canyon creation
• Canyon in six days!
• The collapse of 'geologic time'! (radiohaloes in coalified wood)
• Creating opals
• Devil's Tower and Bible glasses
• Devil's Tower Formation (ICR Acts and Facts article)
• Dinosaur National Monument (ICR Impact article)
• Fluidisation pipes: evidence of large-scale watery catastrophe
• Grand Canyon
• Grand Canyon limestone: fast or slow deposits?
• Grand Canyon limestones (Semi-Technical, ICR Impact)
• Grand Canyon: Startling evidence for Noah’s Flood
• Grand Canyon strata show geologic time is imaginary
• Huge boulder shows power of Flood
• Iceland’s recent ‘mega-flood’
• The Lesson of Surtsey
• The Lost Squadron (available in Spanish)
• Microscopic diamonds confound geologists (Semi-Technical)
• Mt Isa Metal Ores and Noah’s Flood
• Mt St Helens & Catastrophism (Semi-Technical, ICR Impact)
• Niagara Falls and the Bible
• Oil and Flood Geology (ICR Impact article)
• Paleosols: digging deeper buries ‘challenge’ to Flood geology (semi-technical)
• Peperite: more evidence of large-scale watery catastrophe
• Rapid rock
• Rivers, rocks and … Shakespeare
• Salty saga
• Shifting sands
• The story that won't be told (about the Lake Missoula flood)
• Surtsey, the young island that looks old!
• The Yellowstone petrified forest (Semi-Technical)
• Three sisters: evidence for Noah's Flood
• Tuluman — A Test of Time
• Uluru and Kata Tjuta: Testimony to the Flood
• Warped earth
• Were the huge Columbia River basalts formed during the Flood? (ICR Acts and Facts article)
• World’s oldest salt lake only a few thousand years old
• Loess problems

How were the Earth’s coal beds formed? Does coal formation take a long time?

• Coal Beds and Noah’s Flood
• Coal: memorial to the Flood
• Forked seams sabotage swamp theory
• Coal, volcanism and Noah’s Flood (Technical)
• Forests that Grew on Water (Semi-Technical)
• The recent origin of Bass Strait oil and gas
• The salinity of a floating forest
• Too Much Coal for a Young Earth? (Technical)

How were limestone caves formed? Does cave formation take a long time?

• Origin of Limestone caves (Semi-Technical ICR Impact article)
• Were Grand Canyon Limestones deposited by calm and placid seas? (Semi-Technical ICR Impact article)
• Rapid cave formation by sulfuric acid dissolution (Technical)
• Limestone caves: a result of Noah's Flood?
• Caves for all seasons
The age of the Jenolan Caves, Australia

Do stalagmites and stalactites and other speleothems take a long time to form?

• Bottle stalagmite
• Caving in to reality
• ‘Instant’ stalagmites
• Rapid Stalactites

Is there evidence that rocks don’t take a long time to form?

• Bell-ieve it: rapid rock formation
• That Choking Feeling …
• The Clock in the Rock
• Do large crystals in granite prove very slow cooling? (Semi-technical, response to critic)
• Fascinating fossil fence-wire
• Granite grain size: not a problem for rapid cooling of plutons (Technical)
• Geology and the Young Earth (available in Russian)
• Keys to rapid rock formation
• Petrified waterwheel
• The rapid formation of granitic rocks: more evidence (Technical)
• Rapid Granite Formation (Technical)
• Rapid Rocks — Granites … They didn’t need millions of years of cooling! (Semi-Technical)
• Sandy Surprise
• Sedimentation Experiments — Nature finally catches up! (Semi-Technical)
• Granite formation: catastrophic in its suddenness
• Mud experiments overturn long-held geological beliefs: A call for a radical reappraisal of all previous interpretations of mudstone deposits

How can many fine layers of rock be formed very quickly?

• Green River Blues
• Sandy Stripes — Do many layers mean many years?
• Sedimentation Experiments — Nature finally catches up! (Semi-technical)
• Experiments on Lamination of Sediments (Technical)
• Experiments on stratification of heterogeneous sand mixtures (Technical)
• ‘I got excited at Mount St. Helens!’
• Mud experiments overturn long-held geological beliefs: A call for a radical reappraisal of all previous interpretations of mudstone deposits

How can the earth be relatively young (thousands of years old), if dating methods produce dates that are millions of years old?

• Q&A: Radiometric dating methods

Are fossils proof of millions of years? Why does the evolutionary ‘geologic column’ claim the Earth is millions of years old?

• Does the geologic column exist anywhere on Earth?
  (Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal article by John Woodmorappe, published on creationist True Origins site, refuting claims by the renegade former literal creationist (now theistic evolutionist), Glenn Morton)
• Assessing creationist stratigraphy with evidence from the Gulf of Mexico (Semi-Technical, on creationist True Origins site)
• Big bangs on the earth—or big belches?
• Eroding Ages
• The Fossil Record: Becoming more random all the time (Technical)
• Geology and the Bible (Tas Walker’s biblical geology page) (Semi-Technical)
• How well do paleontologists know fossil distributions? (Semi-Technical)
• Can Flood geology explain thick chalk beds? (Technical)
• Are hardgrounds really a challenge to the global Flood? (Semi-Technical, response to critic)
• Salty saga
• Towards a creationist explanation of regional metamorphism (Technical)

See also Q&A pages on:

• Flood
• Fossils
• Plate Tectonics
• Radiometric Dating
• Young Age Evidence